Home / Birds /

Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)

Canada Goose is the largest goose seen in Quebec. It spends the warm season in the Montreal area, and breeds along the rivers and lake shores. Quite territorial and defensive during breeding season, the geese join themselves in large flocks for migration in autumn.

At a Glance – Canada Goose

Why are Canada Geese so common in the Montreal area?

They thrive here because the mix of rivers, lakes, and open parks gives them perfect feeding and nesting conditions.

• Habitat: They breed along rivers, lake shores, and grassy parks.
• Adaptability: They easily adjust to both wild and urban environments.
• Food: Parks and lawns offer the short grass they love to graze on.

Do Canada Geese stay here all year round?

Most migrate south in autumn, but some remain year-round in milder areas.

• Seasonal pattern: Large flocks gather before migrating in late October or early November.
• Resident groups: Some have adapted to city parks and no longer migrate.
• Urban influence: Access to lawns and open water keeps some geese local.

Why do Canada Geese fly in a V-formation?

It helps them save energy and stay coordinated during long flights.

• Aerodynamics: Each bird benefits from the uplift created by the one in front.
• Efficiency: The lead goose rotates when tired, so others take turns.
• Migration aid: This formation allows them to travel thousands of kilometers efficiently.

Are Canada Geese aggressive?

They can be quite territorial, especially during nesting season.

• Nesting defense: Parents fiercely protect their eggs and goslings.
• Body language: Hissing, head-lowering, and wing-spreading warn intruders.
• Seasonal: Aggression peaks in spring and early summer.
• Reason: It’s part of their instinct to keep predators and people away.

How can I tell Canada Geese apart from other geese?

Their black neck, white cheeks, and brown body make them easy to recognize.

• Distinct markings: No other local goose has the same cheek patch pattern.
• Comparison: The smaller Brant (Branta bernicla) lacks the white cheeks and has a white neck ring instead.
• Size: Canada Geese are among the largest goose species in North America.
• Sound: Their deep, resonant honk is unmistakable.

Best Locations and Seasons for Sightings

In the Montreal area, Canada Geese are present from spring to autumn. They arrive as soon as the lakes and river shores thaw. During autumn, they gather in large flocks before migrating south in late October or early November.

"x" indicates the species was observed, while "-" indicates no observation. Lack of observation doesn't necessarily imply that the species is absent. Data is derived from my park visit journals.

Identification and Similar Species

Clearly distinguishable from other goose species by its brown body, black neck, and head with white cheeks. The only similar species is the Brant (Branta bernicla), which is smaller and lacks the white cheeks, instead having a white ring around the neck.

Captured Moments

Videos are hosted on YouTube. Click on a thumbnail to watch it.

All content on this page — including photos, videos, and field audio recordings — was created by Karl-Heinz Müller, a Montréal-based wildlife filmmaker, sound recordist, and photographer. Founder of MUUUH and Québec Sauvage, he has spent over a decade documenting Canada’s natural habitats through immersive soundscapes and wildlife films. Learn more about Karl-Heinz

Last updated: 2025-10-30